| [ PhilosophyThought ] in KIDS 글 쓴 이(By): chaconne (샤콘느) 날 짜 (Date): 1997년11월20일(목) 14시28분31초 ROK 제 목(Title): Re: 도구적 이성으로서의 율리시즈 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 율리시즈가 여우와 이성을 공유한다는 말은, 이성의 도구적,수단적,계산적 측면을 나타낸 것입니다. 하버마스의 합리적 이성과 도구적 이성을 예로들면, 율리시즈의 이성은 도구적 이성에 해당하는 것으로 볼 수 있습니다. 블랑샤드의 [이성과 분석]에 이에 관한 언급이 있습니다. 화이트헤드는 이성의 전형적 상징으로서 두 형태를 구별했다. 플라톤과 율리시즈: '플라톤은 신과 이성을 공유하며, 율리시즈는 여우와 공유한다.' (p.53) ...... 화이트헤드는 서구사상은 플라톤의 주석의 연속이다라고 언급했다. 물론, 위대한 합리주의자중에 이성에 대한 그리스의 개념을 전적으로 수용하는 자는 아무도 없다. 하지만, 직간접적으로, 그들의 합리주의는 모든 경우에 있어 그것으로부터 유래했다. (p.69) 이하 원문에서 옮겨 적습니다. Whitehead has distinguished two figures as symbolic of types of reason, Plato and Ulysses: `the one shares reason with the gods, the other shares it with the foxes'. We all know men of the Ulysses type, though no one embodies it in its purity, not even Ulysses himself; nor would such men be tolerated if they did. Crafty, cunning, adroit, always able to fail on their feet, equal to any emer- gency, their eyes fixed on the main chance, these men are competent, formidable, and hateful. Ulysses has produced an enormouse progeny of Iagos, Machiavellis, and Mussolinis, big and little, whose common characteristic is that with a scheming sagacity in tracing out the means to their ends, they do not, cannot, or will not, apply any rational criticism to these ends themselves. To be sure, many persons are now telling us that ends are incapble of such criticism, and that reason has no function in practice except this of calculating means. An eminent economist writes: `The spheres of rational action and economic action are ... coincident. All rational action is economic. All economic activity is rational action.' And what is the end of economic activity? One's own pleasure. `Action based on reason,' goes on Professor von Mises, `action therefore whis is only to be understood by reason, know only one end, the greatest pleasure of the acting individual. In such view the function of reason is to devise more and more efficient means to one's own pleasure, this being a goal that is unvarying and beyond rational criticism. Here is Ulysses exalted into the sole type of rational man. But even if reason as craft goes on improving its means while retaining unchanged its foxlike end, it will not be getting nearer the life of reason as conceived in the main western tradition. Blanshard, [Reason and Analysis], Chapter 2 The Idea of Reason in Western Thought, pp.53-54. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ykkim@inote.com |