| [ economics ] in KIDS 글 쓴 이(By): passer (전 성민) 날 짜 (Date): 1995년10월23일(월) 01시03분25초 KST 제 목(Title): 엉성한 game theory introduction 발제... 발제한 건데.. 혹시 필요하실지도 모를 듯 싶어서 올려봅니다. 1. Introduction 1.1 Game theory -Definition: A bag of analytical tools designed to help us understand the phenomena when decision-makers interact -Basic Assumption: Rational(persue well-defined exogenous objectives) Reason strategically(consider other player's behavior) -Application #2: Nash eq.(과점, 정치적 경쟁) #3: mixed strategy eq.(벌 입의 길이, 꽃대롱의 길이) #8: repeated game(threats and promises) #13: Core(In many agents' economy, 자유경쟁하의 trading의 결과는 안정적) -Pure vs. Applied game theory -mathematically explanatory but not inherently mathematical (formal) As a social science 1.2 Games and Solutions Game: A Description of strategic interaction that includes the constraints on the actions that players can take and the player's interests Solution: Systematic description of the outcomes that may emerge in games -Noncooperative(I,II,III) vs. Cooperative(IV) individual groups(joint actions are possible) -Strategic(I) vs. Extensive(II) strategic: each player acts once and for all and all players decide simultaneously (=not informed of other's action) extensive: each player can consider his action whenever he has to make a decision -Perfect(II) vs. Imperfect information(III) 80s~ less mature 1.3 Game theory vs. the theory of Competitive Eq. Game: prior to decision, consider the attempt for player to obtain other's information Competitive Eq.: assumes each agents consider only some environmental parameters (e.g. prices, fishing--pollution) 1.4 Rational Behavior - consequence function g: A -->C - preference relation (on the set C) - utility function U: C 갊 x < y if and only if U(x)<U(y) <optimization> B(A maxa(B U(g(a)) - Conditions of uncertainty objective parameters of the environment events that happen in the game actions of the other players the reasoning of the other players Von Neumann and Mogenstern(1944) and Savage(1972) - for each a(A, if the consequence g(a) is a probability distribution on C then player behave to maximize the expected value of a utility function - s : "state space" g: A s ->C U: C --> R choose an action a that maximize the expected value of U(g(a,w)) 1.5 The Steady State vs. deductive Interpretations (evolutive) (eductive) regularities "one-shot" event 1.6 Bounded Rationality the asymmetry between individual's abilities is missing ex. Chess Zermelo(1913) 모든 사람들에게 행복이.... 사랑 가득한 세상에서 우리들의 후손들이 살아갈 수 있는 세상을 꿈꾸는 경제학도 s_passer@cd4680.snu.ac.kr |